Dr. Joyce K. Czop from Harvard University explains that when the three-dimensional structure of beta-glucan binds to receptors on the surface of immune cells, it activates macrophages, keeping them in a ready state to stimulate the immune system. Under normal conditions, most macrophages remain inactive, meaning the immune system does not engage until it detects foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or harmful chemicals.

However, regular intake of beta-glucan helps keep macrophages active and efficient at all times, ensuring they are always prepared to defend the body. This process enhances the ability of macrophages to eliminate harmful pathogens, leading to various health benefits.